Isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic carbon in sea water analyzed since 1990 at LOCEAN (DICisotopes)

LOCEAN has been in charge of analyzing the isotopic composition of the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in sea water collected during a series of cruises or ships of opportunity mostly in the southern Indian Ocean , the North Atlantic, and the equatorial Atlantic, but also in the Mediterranean Sea and in the equatorial Pacific. The LOCEAN sea-water samples for d13CDIC were collected in 125 ml glass bottles and poisoned with HgCl2 (1 ml of saturated solution) before storage in a dark room à 4°C until their measurement. The DIC was extracted from the seawater by acidification with phosphoric acid (H3PO4 85%) and CO2 gas that was produced was collected in a vacuum system following the procedure described by (Craig (1957))-[ https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(57)90024-8](method type 2).  Experience showed that samples older than 3-4 years are likely to have experienced conservation issues and have been dismissed. The mass spectrometer has worked very well until 2014-2015. Afterwards, its aging as well as the aging of the preparation line resulted in more data loss, and often less accurate results. The preparation line was renovated in 2019, and analyses in 2020 were run manually, often repeating the measurement a second time for each sample. Up to 2007-2008, d13CDIC values have a precision of±0.01 ‰ ((Reverdin et al., ESSD 2018)-[ https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1901-2018]) that is confirmed by Becker et al. 2016 work by comparison with other cruises after removing the anthropogenic signal. Recent comparisons in early May 2021 with Orsay GEOPS facility samples suggest that the current offset is much smaller and might be +0.03‰. To improve data quality, LOCEAN is in the process of installing a cavity ring down spectrometry (CRDS) by coupling a Picarro G2131-I CRDS with a CO2 extractor (Apollo SciTech) that will measure at the same time DIC (method type 3). Part of the data set, as well as a scientific context and publications are also presented on the WEB site https://www.locean-ipsl.upmc.fr/oceans13c. Individual files correspond to regional subsets of the whole dataset. The file names are based on two letters for the region followed by (-) the cruise or project name (see below) followed by –DICisotopes, followed by either -s (surface data) or -b (subsurface data), and a version number (-V0, …): example SI-OISO-DICisotopes-s-V0; the highest version number corresponds to the latest update of the cruise/project data set, and can be directly downloaded. Earlier versions can be obtained on request, but are not recommended. The region two letters are the followings:   - SI: station and surface data in the Southern Indian Ocean that include cruises : INDIGO I (1985 – stn) ( https://doi.org/10.17600/85000111) CIVA I (1993 – stn & surf) ((Archambeau et al., JMS 1998)-[ https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-7963(98)00027-X]) ANTARES (1993 – stn & surf) ( https://doi.org/10.17600/93000600) OISO (*) (since 1998 – stn & surf) ((Racapé et al., Tellus 2010)-[ https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0889.2010.00504.x])   - EA: station and surface data in the Tropical Atlantic Ocean that include cruises : EQUALANT (1999 & 2000 – surf) ( https://doi.org/10.18142/98) EGEE (2005 to 2007 – stn & surf) ( https://doi.org/10.18142/95) PIRATA (since 2013 – stn & surf) ( https://doi.org/10.18142/14) EUMELI 2 (1991 – stn) ((Pierre et al., JMS 1994)-[ https://doi.org/10.1016/0924-7963(94)90029-9]) BIOZAIRE 3 (2003 – stn & surf ) ((Vangriesheim et al., DSRII, 2009)-[ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.04.002])   - NA : station and surface data in the North Atlantic Subpolar gyre that include cruises : OVIDE (**) (since 2002 – stn & surf) ((Racapé et al., 2013)-[ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2012.12.005]) RREX (2017 – stn & surf) ( https://doi.org/10.17600/17001400) SURATLANT (since 2010 - surf) ((Reverdin et al., ESSD 2018)-[ https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1901-2018])   - MS: station data in the Mediterranean sea that include cruises : ALMOFRONT 1 (1991 – stn) ( https://doi.org/10.17600/91004211) VICOMED 3 (1990 – stn) ( https://doi.org/10.17600/90000711)   - PO: tropical Pacific that include cruises : PANDORA (2012 – stn) ( https://doi.org/10.17600/12010050) ALIZE2 (1991 – stn & surf) ((Laube-Lenfant and Pierre, Oceanologica Acta 1994)-[ https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00099/21016/])   (*) The values for cruises OISO19, 21 and 22 are doubtful (for some, too low) and will require further investigation to find whether adjusted values can be proposed. (**) Some of the OVIDE cruises are also referred to as or GEOVIDE (in 2014), and BOCATS (in 2016). The values of the OVIDE 2010 stations are doubtful (too low), but no particular error was found, and they have been left in the files.   Data The files are in csv format reported as: Cruise name, station id, (bottle number), day, month, year, hour, minute, longitude, latitude, pressure (db), depth (m), temperature (°C), temperature qc, salinity (pss-78), salinity qc, d13CDIC, d13CDIC qc, method type Temperature is an in situ temperature Salinity is a practical salinity Method type (1) acid CO2 extraction from helium stripping technique coupled to mass spectrometer, (2) acid CO2 extraction in a vacuum system coupled to mass spectrometer,(3) CO2 extractor (Apollo SciTech) coupled to CRDS measurements. Temperature qc, salinity qc, d13CDIC qc are quality indices equal to: 0 no quality check (but presumably good data) 1 probably good data 2 good data 3 probably bad data 4 certainly bad data 9 missing data (and the missing data are reported with an unlikely missing value)

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Date (Creation)
2021-08-01
Date (Revision)
2021-11-03
Date (Publication)
2022-06-30
Date (Publication)
Citation identifier
a53ad03f-3832-8323-3231-000000082165
Code
DOI:10.17882/82165
Other citation details

DICisotopes-CISE-LOCEAN (2021). Isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic carbon in sea water analyzed since 1990 at LOCEAN (DICisotopes). SEANOE. https://doi.org/10.17882/82165

Point of contact
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SEA scieNtific Open data Edition

data@seanoe.org

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Ifremer, Scientific Information Systems for the sea

sismer@ifremer.fr

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Ifremer, Scientific Information Systems for the sea

sismer@ifremer.fr

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GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0
SeaVoX salt and fresh water body gazetteer
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SeaDataNet Parameter Discovery Vocabulary
CRUISE SUMMARY REPORT INVENTORY (CSR)
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    Topic category
    • Oceans
    Begin date
    1990-01-01
    End date
    2021-08-31
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    COMMISSION REGULATION (EC) No 1205/2008 of 3 December 2008 implementing Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards metadata

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    2010-12-08
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    See the referenced specification
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    Corrigendum to INSPIRE Metadata Regulation published in the Official Journal of the European Union, L 328, page 83
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    2010-12-08
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    Commission Regulation (EU) No 1089/2010 of 23 November 2010 implementing Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards interoperability of spatial data sets and services

    Date (Publication)
    2010-12-08
    Explanation

    See the referenced specification
    Pass
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    Statement

    Quality controlled data|LOCEAN has been in charge of analyzing the isotopic composition of the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in sea water collected during a series of cruises or ships of opportunity mostly in the southern Indian Ocean , the North Atlantic, and the equatorial Atlantic, but also in the Mediterranean Sea and in the equatorial Pacific.



    The LOCEAN sea-water samples for d13CDIC were collected in 125 ml glass bottles and poisoned with HgCl2 (1 ml of saturated solution) before storage in a dark room à 4°C until their measurement. The DIC was extracted from the seawater by acidification with phosphoric acid (H3PO4 85%) and CO2 gas that was produced was collected in a vacuum system following the procedure described by Kroopnick (1974). The isotopic composition of CO2 was determined using a dual inlet-isotopic ratio mass spectrometer (SIRA9-VG) by comparing the 13C/12C ratio of the sample to the 13C/12C ratio of a reference material, the Vienna-Pee Dee Belemnite (V-PDB). The isotopic composition is expressed in the d-unit defined by Craig (1957)(method type 2). Experience showed that samples older than 3-4 years are likely to have experienced conservation issues and have been dismissed. The mass spectrometer has worked very well until 2014-2015. Afterwards, its aging as well as the aging of the preparation line resulted in more data loss, and often less accurate results. The preparation line was renovated in 2019, and analyses in 2020 were run manually, often repeating the measurement a second time for each sample.



    Up to 2007-2008, d13CDIC values have a precision of±0.01 ‰ (Vangriesheim et al.,2009) and a reproducibility of±0.02 ‰. After an interlaboratory comparison exercise led by Claire Normandeau (Dalhousie University), results suggest that recent LOCEAN samples have a slightly poorer reproducibility (±0.04 ‰ ) as well as an offset of -0.13‰ (details available in Reverdin et al., ESSD 2018) that is confirmed by Becker et al. 2016 work by comparison with other cruises after removing the anthropogenic signal. Recent comparisons in early May 2021 with Orsay GEOPS facility samples suggest that the current offset is much smaller and might be +0.03‰.



    To improve data quality, LOCEAN is in the process of installing a cavity ring down spectrometry (CRDS) by coupling a Picarro G2131-I CRDS with a CO2 extractor (Apollo SciTech) that will measure at the same time DIC (method type 3).



    Part of the data set, as well as a scientific context and publications are also presented on the WEB site https://www.locean-ipsl.upmc.fr/oceans13c.



    Individual files correspond to regional subsets of the whole dataset. The file names are based on two letters for the region followed by (-) the cruise or project name (see below) followed by –DICisotopes, followed by either -s (surface data) or -b (subsurface data), and a version number (-V0, …): example SI-OISO-DICisotopes-s-V0; the highest version number corresponds to the latest update of the cruise/project data set, and can be directly downloaded. Earlier versions can be obtained on request, but are not recommended. The region two letters are the followings:





    - SI: station and surface data in the Southern Indian Ocean that include cruises :



    INDIGO I (1985 – stn) ( https://doi.org/10.17600/85000111)



    CIVA I (1993 – stn & surf) ( https://doi.org/10.17600/93000870) (Archambeau et al., JMS 1998)



    ANTARES (1993 – stn & surf) ( https://doi.org/10.17600/93000600)



    OISO (*) (since 1998 – stn & surf) ( https://doi.org/10.18142/228) (Racapé et al., Tellus 2010)





    - EA: station and surface data in the Tropical Atlantic Ocean that include cruises :



    EQUALANT (1999 & 2000 – surf) ( https://doi.org/10.18142/98)



    EGEE (2005 to 2007 – stn & surf) ( https://doi.org/10.18142/95)



    PIRATA (since 2013 – stn & surf) ( https://doi.org/10.18142/14)



    EUMELI 2 (1991 – stn) ( https://doi.org/10.17600/91004011) (Pierre et al., JMS 1994)



    BIOZAIRE 3 (2003 – stn & surf ) ( https://doi.org/10.17600/3010120) (Vangriesheim et al., DSRII, 2009)





    - NA : station and surface data in the North Atlantic Subpolar gyre that include cruises :



    OVIDE (**) (since 2002 – stn & surf) ( https://doi.org/10.17882/46448) (Racapé et al., 2013)



    RREX (2017 – stn & surf) ( https://doi.org/10.17600/17001400)



    SURATLANT (since 2010 - surf) ( https://doi.org/10.17882/54517) (Racapé et al., BG 2014 ; Reverdin et al., ESSD 2018)





    - MS: station data in the Mediterranean sea that include cruises :



    ALMOFRONT 1 (1991 – stn) ( https://doi.org/10.17600/91004211)



    VICOMED 3 (1990 – stn) ( https://doi.org/10.17600/90000711)





    - PO: tropical Pacific that include cruises :



    PANDORA (2012 – stn) ( https://doi.org/10.17600/12010050)



    ALIZE2 (1991 – stn & surf) ( https://doi.org/10.17600/91002711) (Laube-Lenfant and Pierre, Oceanologica Acta 1994)





    (*) The values for cruises OISO19, 21 and 22 are doubtful (for some, too low) and will require further investigation to find whether adjusted values can be proposed.



    (**) Some of the OVIDE cruises are also referred to as or GEOVIDE (in 2014), and BOCATS (in 2016). The values of the OVIDE 2010 stations are doubtful (too low), but no particular error was found, and they have been left in the files.





    Data



    The files are in csv format reported as:



    Cruise name, station id, (bottle number), day, month, year, hour, minute, longitude, latitude, pressure (db), depth (m), temperature (°C), temperature qc, salinity (pss-78), salinity qc, d13CDIC, d13CDIC qc, method type

    Temperature is an in situ temperature

    Salinity is a practical salinity

    Method type (1) acid CO2 extraction from helium stripping technique coupled to mass spectrometer, (2) acid CO2 extraction in a vacuum system coupled to mass spectrometer,(3) CO2 extractor (Apollo SciTech) coupled to CRDS measurements.



    Temperature qc, salinity qc, d13CDIC qc are quality indices equal to:



    0 no quality check (but presumably good data)

    1 probably good data

    2 good data

    3 probably bad data

    4 certainly bad data

    9 missing data (and the missing data are reported with an unlikely missing value)

    Metadata

    File identifier
    a53ad03f-3832-8323-3231-000000082165 XML
    Metadata language
    English
    Character set
    UTF8
    Hierarchy level
    Dataset
    Date stamp
    2025-05-07T00:00:00
    Metadata standard name

    ISO 19115:2003/19139
    Metadata standard version

    1.0
    Metadata author
    Organisation name Individual name Electronic mail address Role
    Pokapok

    jerome.gourrion@pokapok.org

    		Point of contact
     
     

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    Spatial extent

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    Keywords

    GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0

    Oceanographic geographical features
    MEDIN data format categories

    Delimited
    SeaDataNet Agreed Parameter Groups

    Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus
    SeaDataNet Parameter Discovery Vocabulary

    Total dissolved inorganic carbon (TCO2) concentration in the water column
    SeaDataNet device categories

    mass spectrometers
    SeaVoX Platform Categories

    research vessel


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