Oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in mussels found on groynes and quaysides in Belgium. Single study

An analytical method was developed for the trace quantification of oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (oxyPAHs) in mussels. Compounds included were naphthalene-1-ol, 9H-fluoren-9-one, anthracene-9,10-dione, 7H-benz[de]anthracene-7-one, naphtacene-5,12-dione and benzo[a]anthracene-7,12-dione. Pyrene-1-carboxaldehyde was applied as an internal standard. Sample extraction by pressurized liquid extraction was followed by clean up on silica, separation by high performance liquid chromatography and quantitative measurement by mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation. The method was validated by the analysis of spiked mussel samples, resulting in trueness values of 90-124% and measurement uncertainties of 6-49%, except for naphthalene-1-ol. Quantification limits varied from 0.25 ng.g-1 to 10.7 ng.g-1. The developed analytical oxyPAH method was applied on mussel samples from groynes and quaysides along the Belgian coastline and oxyPAH data were compared to PAH concentration data. The sum of 14 US EPA priority PAHs reached maxima at the eastern side of the Belgian coastal zone, with on average 202 ng.g-1 for quayside Zeebrugge and 38.4 ng.g-1 for groyne Knokke mussels. Anthracene-9,10-dione concentrations reached maxima of 19.1 ng.g-1 mussels at the most industrialized quayside of Zeebrugge. For other oxyPAHs, no clear relationship could be made with direct PAH emissions. Concentrations of anthracene-9,10-dione and 9H-fluoren-9-one were found to exceed corresponding parent PAH concentrations.

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Date (Creation)
2018-02-03
Date (Revision)
2022-10-19
Date (Publication)
2023-04-04
Date (Publication)
Citation identifier
eba35432-7774-4cf7-8ad9-45f173f71bcb
Point of contact
Organisation name Individual name Electronic mail address Role
Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research, Animal Sciences Unit, Fisheries

DierVI@ilvo.vlaanderen.be

Originator of Dataset
Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Management Unit of North Sea and Scheldt Estuary Mathematical Models, Belgian Marine Data Centre

bmdc@mumm.ac.be

Publisher
Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Operational Directorate Natural Environment, Belgian Marine Data Centre

bmdc@naturalsciences.be

Author
GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0
SeaVoX salt and fresh water body gazetteer
SeaDataNet Agreed Parameter Groups
SeaDataNet Parameter Discovery Vocabulary
SeaVoX Platform Categories
MEDIN data format categories
World Register of Marine Species (WORMS)
  • Mytilus Linnaeus
  • 1758
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    CC-BY 4.0
    Language
    English
    Character set
    UTF8
    Topic category
    • Oceans
    Begin date
    2016-05-01
    End date
    2017-05-01
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    WGS 1984

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    1
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    WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-http--download

         		https://cloud.emodnet-ingestion.eu/index.php/s/jgSAmc1QnsJoahB

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    COMMISSION REGULATION (EC) No 1205/2008 of 3 December 2008 implementing Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards metadata

    Date (Publication)
    2010-12-08
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    Corrigendum to INSPIRE Metadata Regulation published in the Official Journal of the European Union, L 328, page 83
    Date (Publication)
    2010-12-08
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    See the referenced specification
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    Commission Regulation (EU) No 1089/2010 of 23 November 2010 implementing Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards interoperability of spatial data sets and services

    Date (Publication)
    2010-12-08
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    See the referenced specification
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    eba35432-7774-4cf7-8ad9-45f173f71bcb XML
    Metadata language
    English
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    UTF8
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    Dataset
    Date stamp
    2025-05-21T00:00:00
    Metadata standard name

    ISO 19115:2003/19139
    Metadata standard version

    1.0
    Metadata author
    Organisation name Individual name Electronic mail address Role
    Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Operational Directorate Natural Environment, Belgian Marine Data Centre

    bmdc@naturalsciences.be

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    Keywords

    GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0

    Oceanographic geographical features
    MEDIN data format categories

    Delimited
    SeaDataNet Agreed Parameter Groups

    Hydrocarbons
    SeaDataNet Parameter Discovery Vocabulary

    Concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in biota
    SeaVoX Platform Categories

    human


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