Although zooplankton was extensively studied in the North Sea, knowledge about winter zooplankton assemblages is still scarce, despite potential influence of zooplankton overwintering stocks on seasonal plankton succession and productivity. Furthermore, several economically and ecologically important fish species reproduce during winter contributing to the zooplankton community as passive members (eggs) or predators (larvae). To shed some light on winter zooplankton distribution, abundance and composition in the Southern North Sea and Eastern English Channel, we defined assemblages based on mesozoo- and ichthyoplankton data sampled between January and February 2008 using fuzzy-clustering and indicator species. Mesozoo- and ichthyoplankton (eggs+larvae) were integrated in a common analysis by using a spatial grid adapted to the datasets and defined by means of a geostatistical method developed in agronomics. Potential environmental drivers of assemblage distribution were evaluated by means of GLMM and comparison with data from 2022 facilitated insight about the inter-annual representativeness of the assemblages. Five zooplankton assemblages were found varying with regard to total zooplankton abundance, dominant and indicator taxa. Spatial variability of abiotic (dissolved nutrients, salinity, depth, temperature, organic matter in suspension, chlorophyll a), biotic variables (phyto- and microplankton composition), water masses and fish spawning grounds were revealed as potential drivers of assemblage distribution. Assemblages off the Rhine-Scheldt estuary and in the German Bight harbored the biggest zooplankton overwintering stocks that might influence the grazing pressure on phytoplankton spring production. Assemblages off the Rhine-Scheldt estuary and covering the English Channel and the Southern Bight were found to be of high importance for herring and plaice larvae. Although further analyses suggested inter-annual representativeness of the assemblages found (2008 vs 2022), the assessment of further years would be necessary to account for potential inter-annual variability. Future studies could profit from the assessment of microzooplankton facilitating insight in fish larvae feeding potential and zooplankton overwintering strategies. Important Note: This submission has been initially submitted to SEA scieNtific Open data Edition (SEANOE) publication service and received the recorded DOI. The metadata elements have been further processed (refined) in EMODnet Ingestion Service in order to conform with the Data Submission Service specifications.

The Green Edge project was designed to investigate the onset, life and fate of a phytoplankton spring bloom (PSB) in the Arctic Ocean. The lengthening of the ice-free period and the warming of seawater, amongst other factors, have induced major changes in arctic ocean biology over the last decades. Because the PSB is at the base of the Arctic Ocean food chain, it is crucial to understand how changes in the arctic environment will affect it. Green Edge was a large multidisciplinary collaborative project bringing researchers and technicians from 28 different institutions in seven countries, together aiming at understanding these changes and their impacts on the future. The fieldwork for the Green Edge project took place over two years (2015 and 2016) and was carried out from both an ice camp and a research vessel in the Baffin Bay, Canadian arctic. Here, we describe the data set obtained during the research cruise, which took place aboard the Canadian Coast Guard Ship (CCGS) Amundsen in spring 2016. Important Note: This submission has been initially submitted to SEA scieNtific Open data Edition (SEANOE) publication service and received the recorded DOI. The metadata elements have been further processed (refined) in EMODnet Ingestion Service in order to conform with the Data Submission Service specifications.

EC1 is a subsurface mooring that has been deployed in the Ulleung Interplain Gap (UIG) since 1996. The UIG is the only deep channel connecting the northern Japan Basin and the southwestern Ulleung Basin in the East Sea (Japan Sea). The EC1 provides continuous time series data at depths ranging from 150 to 2,250 meters, enabling scientific research on circulation and water properties. It equips current-meter, conductivity, temperature, pressure, and dissolved oxygen sensors. The EC1 mooring was recovered 3 times (26 times total) and redeployed 3 times (26 times total) from November 2020 to April 2023 (since 1996), with a typical turnover time of 1 year. The equipment has been upgraded since 1996 to continuously measure temperature, pressure, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and the speed and direction of three-dimensional current, as well as to collect more and better time series data. The sampling intervals of all sensors are equal to or less than 60 minutes. The temperature, pressure, conductivity, and dissolved oxygen data collected from November 2020 to April 2023 were quality-assured and quality-controlled with typical procedures such as global and local range tests, spike tests, and gradient tests. The magnetic declination of 9 degrees west was applied to the current data for compass calibration.   Important Note: This submission has been initially submitted to SEA scieNtific Open data Edition (SEANOE) publication service and received the recorded DOI. The metadata elements have been further processed (refined) in EMODnet Ingestion Service in order to conform with the Data Submission Service specifications.

Field trips have been conducted from February 2019 to May 2020 in Poe lagoon (South Province - New Caledonia) to characterize its hydrodynamic processes and functionning. This shallow lagoon belongs to a wider area which has been registered at the UNESCO World Natural Heritage list in 2008 and has experienced recently beaching of seaweed (ulva sp.). A dedicated project (ELADE) has been launched to investigate paths of enrichment of this lagoon. This dataset belongs to the Hydrodynamics Task of this multidisciplinary project. Several moorings (~ 15) have been placed for observations of currents, temperature, pressure and  salinity dynamics during 2 legs (Feb. to May 2019 ; July-August 2019). During this field period, one major atmospheric event happened in February 2019 : OMA cyclone. From september 2019 to may 2020, a single station (temperature, salinity, pressure) has been kept in the area of maximum ulva biomass. Sampling strategy avalaible on (Sextant - Marine Geographic Information System)-[https://sextant.ifremer.fr/record/5d2e6d07-6b8d-4c01-8cb3-41d8ef4a6518/]. More information on (PRESENCE project)-[https://wwz.ifremer.fr/nouvelle_caledonie/Recherches-expertises/Vulnerabilite-des-ecosystemes-recifo-lagonaires].   Important Note: This submission has been initially submitted to SEA scieNtific Open data Edition (SEANOE) publication service and received the recorded DOI. The metadata elements have been further processed (refined) in EMODnet Ingestion Service in order to conform with the Data Submission Service specifications.

This is the third cruise for the US Office of Naval Research’s Coherent Lagrangian Pathways from the Surface Ocean to Interior (Calypso) project.  The program is motivated by the understanding that the vertical movement of water from the surface to depth across the base of the mixed layer has implications for the transport of properties, gases, biogeochemistry, and the fate of drifting particles/objects. However, vertical velocities are weak (about a thousand times smaller than horizontal velocities) and difficult to detect. To represent these motions we need to answer the following questions: (1) How are water and properties from the surface boundary layer exported to depth?  (2) What coherent pathways act as conduits for exchange? (3) What dynamics shapes these pathways? (4) What are the Lagrangian trajectories? (5) What are the time and space scales of subduction? (6) Where does the water end up?  (7) Can we predict these pathways in 3 dimensions and what data are needed to aid or constrain predictive models?  Previous work has established the theoretical basis for predicting coherent Lagrangian structures in the ocean. Confirmation of the predictive theory has only been accomplished in the horizontal dimension and the observational study and confirmation of predictive theories for 3D plus time have not yet been demonstrated. Calypso aims to: (1) Establish an understanding and predictive capability of the three-dimensional coherent pathways by which water carrying tracers and drifting objects is transported from the surface ocean to depths below the mixed layer. (2) Design and implement an observational study to test the theories, hypothesis, and predictions of the 3-D, time-evolving Lagrangian pathways. Due to the need to sample across a range of scales, we have set up this two-ship study with numerous autonomous and Lagrangian platforms.  Eurofleets+ helped the observational program succeed via the award of ship time on R/V Pelagia.  During the cruise, most of the operations from R/V Pelagia focussed on repeat surveys at a front and a cyclonic eddy to the NE of the front with a variety of ship-based measurements and autonomous platforms.  Two-ship operations combined repeat small-scale surveys by R/V Pelagia , which were embedded within larger scale surveys by R/V Pourquois Pas.   Important Note: This submission has been initially submitted to SEA scieNtific Open data Edition (SEANOE) publication service and received the recorded DOI. The metadata elements have been further processed (refined) in EMODnet Ingestion Service in order to conform with the Data Submission Service specifications.

Pressure and temperature records from the proximity of the Rainbow hydrothermal site.  The record spans from 8th to 26th May 2022. Data were acquired with an RBR Duet pressure sensor lent by PNIO. The pressure sensors was deployed on a broad band OBS (BBOBS) from the INSU national OBS parc at IPGP. Datafiles includes the full raw data file, and a file with only the record at the seafloor, after removing the ascent and the descent of the instrument, attached to the BBOBS) The seafloor position of the OBSs is: 36.23544°N, 36.91036°W, 2505 m waterdepth (~2538 m average depth recorded in this record). Important Note: This submission has been initially submitted to SEAscieNtific Open data Edition (SEANOE) publication service and received the recorded DOI. The metadata elements have been further processed (refined) in EMODnet Ingestion Service in order to conform with the Data Submission Service specifications.

This dataset contains high-precision pressure and temperature between the 15th of January 2020 and the 15th of June 2020 on EMSO-Canarias (a.k.a. ESTOC) observatory by the EGIM. High-precision pressure is one of the 7 core parameters monitored by the EGIM, EMSO Generic Instrumental Module. The EGIM prototype was deployed at the ESTOC site at 3580m depth, 100km North of Gran Canaria, to monitor local hydrodynamic variability and complement the data obtained by the ESTOC station. Important Note: This submission has been initially submitted to SEA scieNtific Open data Edition (SEANOE) publication service and received the recorded DOI. The metadata elements have been further processed (refined) in EMODnet Ingestion Service in order to conform with the Data Submission Service specifications.

In October 2014, a ranging network of 10 acoustic transponders was installed across an active segment of the North-Anatolian Fault, in the Marmara Sea at a depth of about 800 m, for up to 5 years (Figure 1).  This active fault segment is lacking any major seismic activity since the 18th century.  The purpose of this acoustic ranging experiment was to determine whether this fault is continuously and aseismically creeping (i.e. slipping) or is locked and thus accumulating stress that could cause a large magnitude earthquake, few ten kilometers away from Istanbul. The acoustic network comprised 4 transponders from the University of Brest, France, and 6 transponders from the Geomar Institute, Germany. The data available through this web site corresponds to the data collected by the 4 French stations only. They include sets of acoustic ranging between pairs of stations (i.e. two-way-travel times), in addition to sound-speed, temperature and pressure measurements at each station. The sampling rate varies with the data type, but is generally hourly (one or several samples every hour). These are the raw, unprocessed data. For instance, distances must be inferred from the two-way-travel times and sound-speeds. The experiment lasted until January 2018. Data collection: In April 2015, the first set of acoustic ranging data, spanning a period of 6 months, was downloaded from the seafloor transponders using a modem from the sea surface ((cruise POS484)-[http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/CR_POS_484/1]). In April 2016, a second set of acoustic ranging data, spanning one more year, was downloaded from the seafloor transponders, but only 3 of the transponders responded ((cruise POS497)-[http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/CR_POS_497]). In May 2017, a third set of acoustic ranging data was downloaded from the seafloor transponders, but only 3 of the transponders responded (cruise YUNUS17). In January 2018, a last set was downloaded, but only 3 of the transponders responded (cruise YUNUS17). Since the batteries were almost exhausted, two of the French transponders were retrieved from the seafloor (2002 and 2003, for which all the data had already been downloaded from the surface). The last two will be recovered in 2020 (2001 and 2004). More information about the acoustic network can be found in the paper by (Sakic et al.)-[https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL069600] (2016; see reference below). Important Note: This submission has been initially submitted to SEA scieNtific Open data Edition (SEANOE) publication service and received the recorded DOI. The metadata elements have been further processed (refined) in EMODnet Ingestion Service in order to conform with the Data Submission Service specifications.

EMSO is a European network of seabed and fixed-point water column observatories whose scientific objective is to acquire long time series in the seas around Europe for the study of environmental processes related to interactions between geosphere, biosphere and hydrosphere. MAREGAMI project (MARine Earthquake Gap Assessment and Monitoring for Istanbul) is a bilateral Turkish-French collaborative project coordinated by IFREMER and Istanbul Technical University and funded by ANR and TÜBITAK. The goal of MAREGAMI was the development of new methods and monitoring strategies to assess earthquake and tsunami risks related to offshore faults, with tasks: (1) Marine geodesy: acquisition and processing of geodetic submarine data, (2) Hydrodynamics and specific depositional processes: water column data acquisition and hydrodynamic modeling, (3) Improving earthquake relocation with ocean bottom instruments, (4) Designing an optimal and sustainable network of submarine sensors. Data distributed here were acquired for MAREGAMI Task 2.  These consist of time series acquired during 4 deployments on the sealfoor perfomed between January 2018 and November 2020 of an instrumented frame holding a RBR bottom pressure recorder (BPR) and a Seaguard recording current meter (RCM) equipped with additional sensors (conductivity, oxygen, tide pressure end temperature). The acquisition and distribution of marine data time series in the Sea of Marmara is funded by EMSO-France Research Infrastructure, EMSO-Link, and MAREGAMI projet. DT-INSU provided operational support and instrumentation. Important Note: This submission has been initially submitted to SEA scieNtific Open data Edition (SEANOE) publication service and received the recorded DOI. The metadata elements have been further processed (refined) in EMODnet Ingestion Service in order to conform with the Data Submission Service specifications.

A comprehensive set of oceanographic data were collected in Fortune Bay, a broad, mid-latitude fjord located on the south coast of Newfoundland (Canada). The dataset was gathered in partnership with IFREMER who collected data around the adjacent French archipelago of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon. The dataset consists of data from taut-line moorings, land-based stations (a tide gauge and a couple of weather stations) and CTD profiles performed during mooring maintenances (~every 6 months). Parameters covered by the moorings include water column temperature (thermistor chain), salinity (2 points/depths per mooring), dissolved oxygen (on a limited number of moorings, within the surface layer) as well as current profiles (ADCP). Land-based stations monitored water level and temperature (tide gauge) and wind speed and direction, atmospheric pressure, air temperature and solar radiation (weather station). CTD profiles include dissolved oxygen for the most part. The program lasted two full years from May 2015 to May 2017 and sampling interval varied from 1-60 min depending on the instrument. Important Note: This submission has been initially submitted to SEA scieNtific Open data Edition (SEANOE) publication service and received the recorded DOI. The metadata elements have been further processed (refined) in EMODnet Ingestion Service in order to conform with the Data Submission Service specifications.